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Print workshop and publisher specializing in lithography, intaglio (1966 and later), offset lithography (1969 and later), woodcut (after 1973), screenprint (1980s and later), and photogravure (1980s and later) What matters is that the print be alive, with the heartbeat of the artist in it... Tatyana Grosman (born Aguschewitsch, 1904-1982) (a Russian immigrant who had not only fled the Russian Revolution in 1918 with her family, but also narrowly escaped the Nazis while living in France in 1940 with her husband) founded Universal Limited Art Editions in 1957 out of the need to support the household when her husband, Maurice, an artist, suffered a heart attack. Grosman, who had trained at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, began publishing illustrated books. By chance, the Grosmans discovered two Bavarian lithographic stones in their front yard (used as stepping stones in her garden) on Long Island, and after learning how to use a press, Grosman sought to collaborate with artists instead of printing reproductions. Grosman's first collaboration was with Larry Rivers and poet Frank O'Hara. Artist and printer Robert Blackburn printed River's lithographs on a $15 press in the Grossman living room. The resultant work, "Stones" took two years to produce and was published in 1959. Rivers wanted to further experiment and ULAE moved to a more appropriate setting, a nearby garage. Word spread through the avant-garde artist circles about the small Long Island press- Grosman was able to select and i nvite several of these artists to ULAE, including Jasper Johns (who made more than 100 lithographs at the workshop alone) and Robert Rauschenberg. ULAE became a place known internationally for expertise, experimentation, and unexpected but brilliant outcomes. Only seven years after the Rivers collaboration, 97 of ULAE publications were chosen to inaugurate the new graphics gallery at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. As ULAE began to work with more artists and garner more attention (Grosman received a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1966), the workshop expanded to include an intaglio studio. Donn Steward, who had worked with Mauricio Lansansky at the University of Iowa, began etching operations at ULAE and collaborated with artists such as Lee Bontecou, Helen Frankenthaler, Jasper Johns, and Robert Motherwell. Since Grosman's death in 1982, ULAE has been managed by long-time printer Bill Goldston, who has heralded ULAE into a new age by bringing new artists and techniques into the fold. The extensive list of artists who ULAE have worked with is on their website. ULAE has remained an intimate workshop, despite its international fame. Grosman's attitude and passion for her work was the recipe for her success: "'Technique' should never ne a predominant feeling in a print. What matters is that the print be alive, with the heartbeat of the artist in it... It must not be rushed." 1 Printers associated with ULAE: Robert Blackburn (1957-1962), Donn Steward, Zigmunds Priede, Ben Burns, Fred Genis, Frank Akers, Bill Goldston, John Lund Resources: 1) Calvin Tomkins, "The Moods of a Stone," Profiles, The New Yorker, June 7, 1976, page 76. ULAE website Grosman's obituary in the New Yorker, 1982 Una E. Johnson. American Prints and Printmakers. New York: Doubleday, 1980. Esther Sparks. Universal Limited Art Editions: A History and Catalogue : The First Twenty-Five Years. New York: Abrams, 1989.

Print workshop specializing in experimental intaglio, lithography, and monotypes. Vinalhaven Press was founded by artist and former Director of the New England Museum Association, Patricia Nick. Nick had spent summers during her childhood on Vinalhaven, an island off the coast of Maine where Robert Indiana would find refuge in his reclusive later years. Seeking proximity to contemporary artists and to be involved in their art-making, Nick set out to turn the island's abandoned schoolhouse into Vinalhaven Press. She would run the Press from its founding in 1985 to 1999 (sources vary on the year the shop closed). Nick and her master printers serviced the burgeoning artist colony on the island, with clients such as Indiana, Mel Bochner, Alex Katz, Peter Saul, Charles Hewitt, Leon Golub, Yvonne Jacquette, and Robert Morris. When the summers ended, Nick followed her artist clientele back to the cities, establishing Vinalhaven Press galleries in New York. The Press's success spread quickly, so much so that the Portland Museum of Art exhibited the workshop's prints in 1997 ("In Print: Contemporary Artists at the Vinalhaven Press"). Nick closed the Press in 1999, returning to her own artwork. She donated the workshop's records and catalogues to the Smithsonian Archives of American Art in 2000. She died on the island on September 29, 2021. Resources: Vinalhaven Press records (1985-1999) Patricia Ann Pierce Nick (1928-2021)

Print workshop specializing in large-scale intaglio. Valter and Eleonora Rossi of the Stamperia d’Arte 2RC, Rome set up a studio at the Terme di Caracalla, Rome in 1980 by converting an abandoned farmhouse into a state-of-the-art print workshop. 2RC would operate at this address until 2005, when this workshop was moved to via Cassia, Rome in 2015. Artists who have printed here include Henry Moore, Sam Francis, Nancy Graves, Helen Frankenthaler, Francis Bacon, Pierre Alechinsky, and Victor Pasmore. Works printed at the Vigna Antoniniana Stamperia d'arte are usually published by RC Edizioni d'Arte, Rome. Resources: Stamperia d'arte 2RC website

Print workshop specializing in large-scale intaglio. Founded in 1959 by Valter and Eleonora Rossi and Franco Cioppi in Rome. Between 1962 and 1969, they collaborate with Lucio Fontana, Alberto Burri, Giò Pomodoro, Giuseppe Capogrossi, Giulio Turcato, Giuseppe Santomaso, Piero Dorazio, Pietro Consagra, Achille Perilli, Beverly Pepper, Adolph Gottlieb and Afro. In the late 1960's, the shop began a working relationship with Victor Pasmore. Collaborations with other English artists, including Graham Sutherland and Henry Moore follow. In 1979, 2RC Stamperia opens a shop in New York. 2RC is now a global studio, with a studio in Beijing in collaboration with the Central Academy of Fine Arts (2RCCAFA). Other names: 2RC Editrice; 2RC Edizioni d’Arte; Vigna Antoniniana Resources: 2RC Gallery Home Christie's London, "BUONO DI STAMPA: Prints from the Archive of Stamperia 2RC" (2014)